The Dutch and German Communist Left (1900-1968)

Acknowledgements ... ix
Illustrations ... xi

Introduction ... 1

Part 1: From Tribunism to Communism (1900–18)

1 Origins and Formation of the ‘Tribunist’ Current (1900–14) ... 11
2 Pannekoek and ‘Dutch’ Marxism in the Second International ... 82
3 The Dutch Tribunist Current and the First World-War (1914–18) ... 132

Part 2: The Dutch Communist Left and the World-Revolution (1919–27)

4 The Dutch Left in the Comintern (1919–20) ... 177
5 Gorter, the kapd and the Foundation of the Communist Workers’ International (1921–7) ... 226

Part 3: The gic from 1927 to 1940

Introduction to Part 3: The Group of International Communists: From Left-Communism to Council-Communism ... 277
6 The Birth of the gic (1927–33) ... 292
7 Towards a New Workers’ Movement? The Record of Council-Communism (1933–5) ... 327
8 Towards State-Capitalism: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, Democracy, Stalinism, Popular Fronts and the ‘Inevitable War’ (1933–9) ... 380
9 The Dutch Internationalist Communists and the Events in Spain (1936–7) ... 407

Part 4: Council-Communism during and after the War (1939–68)

10 From the ‘Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg Front’ to the Communistenbond Spartacus (1940–42) ... 431
11 The Communistenbond Spartacus and the Council-Communist Current (1942–68) ... 456

Conclusion ... 517

Works Cited ... 533
Further Reading ... 550
Addresses of Archival Centres ... 614
Acronyms ... 615
Index ... 622