Acknowledgements
List of Tables
Introduction
1 Bringing in the Borderlands
2 Strategic Continuities and Ruptures
3 Method, Structure, Sources
1 The Social Context
1 The Workers’ Movement
2 The Unique Impact of Orthodox Marxism
3 Socialist Political Cultures
2 Revolutionary Social Democracy: An Overview
1 The ABC s of Revolutionary Social Democracy
2 Strategy and Tactics in Germany and Russia
3 Intellectuals and Workers
1 Intellectuals and the Tensions of Class Formation
2 Intellectuals and Workers (1905–17)
4 Organisation, Mass Action, and Electoral Work
1 Socialist Organisation in Finland
2 Illegal Organising in Tsarist Russia
3 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split
4 The First Mass Strike Debates (1903–04)
5 Mass Action and Organisation in 1905
6 Party Organisation and Mass Action (1906–14)
7 War and Revolution
8 Mass Organisation and Action in Finland: 1917–18
5 Working-Class Hegemony
1 Analysing Liberalism
2 Tactics Towards Liberals
3 The Bund versus Zionism (1897–1904)
4 The PPS and the National Democrats Before 1905
5 Class Independence in Finland
6 Early Russian Marxism and Liberals
7 Working-Class Hegemony (1905–16)
8 Proletarian Hegemony and Liberals (1906–16)
6 Working-Class Unity
1 United Front Practices Before 1905
2 Workers’ Unity and the 1905 Revolution
3 Implementing the United Front (1906–18)
4 Disunity in Europe and Poland
7 The Party Question
1 The German SPD Model
2 Finland’s Social Democracy
3 The Normalcy of Splits in Underground Russia
4 The Split of Polish Socialism
5 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split
8 Democracy, the State, and the Finnish Revolution
1 Critique of Bourgeois Democracy
2 The Socialist Revolution
3 The State and Revolution in Finland (1917–18)
9 The Autocratic State and Revolution: 1905
1 State Power and Marxist Strategy in 1905
2 The Practice of Revolutionary Government in 1905
3 Socialist Transformation in Russia
4 International Revolution
10 The State and Revolution in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland: 1917–19
1 Moderate Socialists and Dual Power in 1917
2 Moderates Join the Government
3 Russian Moderate Socialists in the October Revolution
4 Moderate Socialists in Ukraine: 1917–18
5 Moderate Socialism in Poland: 1918–19
6 Bolsheviks and State Power: February–March 1917
7 Breaking with the Bourgeoisie: April–October
Epilogue: An International Revolution Defeated
1 Civil War and Authoritarianism
2 International Revolution
3 Impasse in the Imperial Periphery
Bibliography
Index
